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Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is associated with the highest mortality rate of 35%–50% globally and is the second or the third most frequent nosocomial infections.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

The aims of the study were to know the pattern of drug resistance in HAP, study the clinical profile, and treatment outcome in HAP.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was performed from January 2016 to December 2016. A total of 100 patients who developed HAP were enrolled in the study. Totally 88 patients had positive bacterial culture growth and 12 patients had no growth or fungal growth. Hence, 88 patients were screened for further analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 88 patients developed HAP and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) with bacterial growth. The mean age of the patients was 54 ± 7 years. The most common organisms isolated are

Acinetobacter

(13.6%),

Enterobacter

species (12.5%),

Klebsiella

(26.1%),

Pseudomonas

(18.2%), and

Staphylococcus

species (22.7%). In early onset (27.2%) and late onset of HAP (23.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was the most common predisposing disease (41.7%, 47.7%). In early onset (14.8%) and late onset of VAP (34%), cerebrovascular accidents (23.3%) and neurological diseases (26.7%) were the most common diseases.

Acinetobacter

species were resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics with sensitive to only Carbapenems. All the strains of

Staphylococcal

species were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid (100%). The mortality was highest with

Klebsiella

(27.9%) and

Pseudomonas

(23.2%) infections, neurological diseases (72.8%), and in the late onset of VAP (34%).

CONCLUSION:

The study demonstrated that the resistance to commonly used antibiotics is on rise to various organisms. Hence, an antibiogram setup needs to be revised for every 6 months.

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