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Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is a group of clinical manifestations resulting from cerebral ischemia or intracranial hemorrhage. Hemorrhagic strokes account for 15% of all cases of acute strokes. Hemorrhagic strokes are classified into intra-cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clinical manifestation and epidemiological characteristics vary based on the specific location and severity of the lesions. Several risk factors have been identified for this condition.

Objective/Aim: To evaluate the risk factors and clinic-radiological characteristics of spontaneous intra-cerebral hemorrhagic stroke.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried in a tertiary care institute of southern part of Haryana. A total of 100 study subjects with intra-cerebral haemorrhage were recruited and a comprehensive assessment of the clinical manifestation and identification of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk variables (age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia) was conducted along with Non-Contrast Computerised Tomography (NCCT) Head.

Results: Most common risk factors identified were hypertension (70.0%) followed by smoking (58.0%), diabetes mellitus (34.0%). Majority of subjects had bladder/bowel disturbance (92.0%), loss of consciousness (74.0%), hemiplegia/ hemiparesis (52.0%). GCS score was of severe category (3-8) among 74.0% participants and moderate (9-12) among 20.0% subjects. Most common identified location was basal ganglia (40.0%) followed by multi-lobar (28.0%) involvement. Severe GCS score was more among patients of age groups 40-60 years and > 60 years as compared to less than 40 years of age but was not found statistically significant (p=0.047). Severe GCS score was significantly more among subjects with hypertension (p=0.033).

Conclusion: Strict control of potential modifiable risk factors of ICH, particularly hypertension is required to prevent occurrence of this deadly and disabling disease.

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