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Abstract

Introduction:

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide resulting in foot complications, which leads to poor quality of life and increased cost of living.

Aim:

The main aim of this study was to find out the foot complications in diabetic patients and to analyze the underlying etiology.

Methodology:

A retrospective study was carried out in the podiatry Department of Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala among 277 diabetic patients with recent and recurrent foot complications.

Results:

Systemic hypertension (76.89%) has been found to be one of the major risk factor coexisting in the study population. 49.45% patients had preexisting peripheral neuropathy and non-healing ulcers were seen in 41.51%. Other complications include charcot arthropathy (10.46%), gangrene (9.38%), cellulitis (7.94%), fungal infections (6.89%), callus (3.61%), osteomyelitis (3.97%), and necrotizing fasciitis (2.52%). Culture report on foot ulcer patients revealed that Gram-positive

Staphylococcus

species (18.8%) and the Gram-negative

Pseudomonas

species (18.2%) were the predominant organisms. Other organisms isolated were

Klebsiella

species,

Escherichia coli

,

Acenetobacter

,

Proteus

,

Enterococcus

species, and streptococci. Fluoroquinolones were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics (33.5%), followed by penicillin (8.3%), clindamycin (6.1%), carbapenems (5.05%), cephalosporins (2.8%), cotrimoxazole (2.5%), and chloramphenicol (0.7%).

Conclusion:

The study highlights the importance of foot care, relevance of early detection of diabetes and subsequent monitoring of diabetic complications.

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48

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51

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